Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES

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DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt and Credit Facilities
NOTE 8 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES
The following represents a summary of our long-term debt:
(In Millions)
Debt Instrument
Issuer1
Annual Effective Interest Rate December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Senior Unsecured Notes:
7.000% 2027 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 9.240% $ —  $ 73 
7.000% 2027 AK Senior Notes
 AK Steel 9.240% —  56 
5.875% 2027 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 6.490% —  556 
4.625% 2029 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 4.625% 368  368 
6.875% 2029 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 6.875% 900  900 
6.750% 2030 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 6.750% 750  750 
4.875% 2031 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 4.875% 325  325 
7.500% 2031 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 7.500% 850  — 
7.000% 2032 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 7.054% 1,425  1,425 
7.375% 2033 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 7.375% 900  900 
7.625% 2034 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 7.516% 1,125  — 
6.250% 2040 Senior Notes
 Cliffs 6.340% 235  235 
ABL Facility
Cliffs2
Variable3
452  1,560 
Total debt 7,330  7,148 
Unamortized discounts and issuance costs (77) (83)
Total long-term debt $ 7,253  $ 7,065 
1 Unless otherwise noted, references in this column and throughout this NOTE 8 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES to "Cliffs" are to Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., and references to "AK Steel" are to AK Steel Corporation (n/k/a Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Corporation).
2 Refers to Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. as borrower under our ABL Facility.
3 Our ABL Facility annual effective interest rate was 5.327% as of December 31, 2025.
OUTSTANDING SENIOR UNSECURED NOTES
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. 7.625% 2034 SENIOR NOTES - 2025 OFFERING
On September 8, 2025, we entered into an indenture among Cliffs, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, relating to the issuance of $850 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes, which were issued at par. On October 10, 2025, we issued an additional $275 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes at a price to investors of 102.750% of their principal amount. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes were issued in private placement transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2026. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes mature on January 15, 2034.
The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our material direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes.
The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to January 15, 2029, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes prior to January 15, 2029, at a redemption price equal to 107.625% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on January 15, 2029, at a redemption price equal to 103.813% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 101.906% on January 15, 2030, and are redeemable at par beginning on January 15, 2031. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption or "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change in control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, occurs with respect to the 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase.
The terms of the 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. 7.500% 2031 SENIOR NOTES - 2025 OFFERING
On February 6, 2025, we entered into an indenture among Cliffs, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, relating to the issuance of $850 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes, which were issued at par. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes were issued in a private placement transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing on September 15, 2025. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes mature on September 15, 2031.
The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our material direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes.
The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to March 15, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes prior to March 15, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 107.500% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on March 15, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 103.750% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 101.875% on March 15, 2029, and are redeemable at par beginning on March 15, 2030. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption or "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change in control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, occurs with respect to the 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase.
The terms of the 7.500% 2031 Senior Notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. OTHER OUTSTANDING UNSECURED SENIOR NOTES
The following represents a summary of our other unsecured senior notes' maturity and interest payable due dates:
Debt Instrument Maturity Interest Payable
(until maturity)
4.625% 2029 Senior Notes March 1, 2029 March 1 and September 1
6.875% 2029 Senior Notes November 1, 2029 May 1 and November 1
6.750% 2030 Senior Notes April 15, 2030 April 15 and October 15
4.875% 2031 Senior Notes March 1, 2031 March 1 and September 1
7.000% 2032 Senior Notes March 15, 2032 March 15 and September 15
7.375% 2033 Senior Notes May 1, 2033 May 1 and November 1
6.250% 2040 Senior Notes October 1, 2040 April 1 and October 1
The senior notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all our other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 4.625% 2029 Senior Notes, 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes, 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes, 4.875% 2031 Senior Notes, 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes, and 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our material direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries and, therefore, are structurally senior to any of our existing and future indebtedness that is not guaranteed by such guarantors and are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes. There are no subsidiary guarantees of the interest and principal amounts for the 6.250% 2040 Senior Notes.
The 4.625% 2029 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, on not less than 10, nor more than 60, days’ prior notice sent to the holders of the notes. The 4.625% 2029 Senior Notes are currently redeemable at a price equal to 101.156% of the principal amount thereof, and are redeemable at par beginning on March 1, 2026. In each case, we pay the redemption premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
The 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes. The 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to November 1, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes prior to November 1, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 106.875% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on November 1, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 103.438% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 100% on November 1, 2028. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption or "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change in control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, occurs with respect to the 6.875% 2029 Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase.
The 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes. The 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to April 15, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes prior to April 15, 2026 at a redemption price equal to 106.750% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 6.750% 2030 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on April 15, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 103.375% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 101.688% on April 15, 2027, and are redeemable at par beginning on April 15, 2028. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption and "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
The 4.875% 2031 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, on not less than 10, nor more than 60, days’ prior notice sent to the holders of the notes. The 4.875% 2031 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to March 1, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% 2031 Senior Notes prior to March 1, 2026 at a redemption price equal to 104.875% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 4.875% 2031 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on March 1, 2026, at a redemption price equal to 102.438% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 101.625% on March 1, 2027, and 100.813% on March 1, 2028, and are redeemable at par beginning on March 1, 2029. In each case, we pay the redemption and "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
The 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes. The 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to March 15, 2027, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes prior to March 15, 2027, at a redemption price equal to 107.000% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on March 15, 2027, at a redemption price equal to 103.500% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 101.750% on March 15, 2028, and are redeemable at par beginning on March 15, 2029. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption or "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change in control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, occurs with respect to the 7.000% 2032 Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase.
The 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at our option not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days after prior notice is sent to the holders of the 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes. The 7.375% 2029 Senior Notes are redeemable prior to May 1, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium set forth in the indenture. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes prior to May 1, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 107.375% of the principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings. The 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes are redeemable beginning on May 1, 2028, at a redemption price equal to 103.688% of the principal amount thereof, decreasing to 100% on November 1, 2028. In each case, we pay the applicable redemption or "make-whole" premiums plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change in control triggering event, as defined in the indenture, occurs with respect to the 7.375% 2033 Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase.
The 6.250% 2040 Senior Notes may be redeemed any time at our option upon not less than 30, nor more than 60, days' prior notice is sent to the holders. The 6.250% 2040 Senior Notes are redeemable at a redemption price equal to the greater of (1) 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or (2) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the notes to be redeemed, discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 40 basis points, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change of control triggering event, as defined in the applicable indenture, occurs with respect to the unsecured notes, we will be required to offer to purchase the notes of the applicable series at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of purchase.
The terms of the unsecured notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
ABL FACILITY
On July 31, 2024 and September 13, 2024, in connection with the Stelco Acquisition, we entered into the fifth and sixth amendments to our ABL Facility, respectively. The amendments, among other things, (i) amend the normal conditions for borrowing loans to allow for the Stelco Acquisition and permit additional borrowings for the purpose of financing a portion of the Stelco Acquisition purchase price, and (ii) subsequent to the Stelco Acquisition and the satisfaction of customary conditions, divide the existing $4.75 billion of aggregate lending commitments under our ABL Facility into two tranches, (x) a $4.25 billion tranche of
lending commitments available to be borrowed by the Company and certain U.S. subsidiaries of the Company that are designated as borrowers from time to time in accordance with the ABL Facility and (y) a $500 million tranche of lending commitments available to be borrowed by certain Canadian subsidiaries of the Company that are designated as borrowers from time to time in accordance with the ABL Facility. The maturity date of the ABL Facility remains the earlier of June 9, 2028, or 91 days prior to the maturity of certain other material debt.
The ABL Facility and certain bank products and hedge obligations are guaranteed by certain of our existing wholly owned U.S. subsidiaries and are required to be guaranteed by certain of our future U.S. subsidiaries. Amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility are secured by (i) a first-priority security interest in the accounts receivable and other rights to payment, inventory, as-extracted collateral, certain investment property, deposit accounts, securities accounts, certain general intangibles and commercial tort claims, certain mobile equipment, commodities accounts and other related assets of ours, the other borrowers and the guarantors, and proceeds and products of each of the foregoing (collectively, the “ABL Collateral”) and (ii) a second-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets and the assets of the other borrowers and the guarantors other than the ABL Collateral.
The ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants including, among others, covenants regarding the maintenance of certain financial ratios if certain conditions are triggered, covenants relating to financial reporting, covenants relating to the payment of dividends on, or purchase or redemption of, our capital stock, covenants relating to the incurrence or prepayment of certain debt, covenants relating to the incurrence of liens or encumbrances, covenants relating to compliance with laws, covenants relating to transactions with affiliates, covenants relating to mergers and sales of all or substantially all of our assets and limitations on changes in the nature of our business. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we were in compliance with the ABL Facility liquidity requirements and, therefore, the springing financial covenant requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 was not applicable.
The ABL Facility provides for customary events of default, including, among other things, the event of nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts, a representation or warranty proving to have been materially incorrect when made, failure to perform or observe certain covenants within a specified period of time, a cross-default to certain material indebtedness, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, monetary judgment defaults of a specified amount, invalidity of any loan documentation, a change of control of the Company, and ERISA defaults resulting in liability of a specified amount. If an event of default exists (beyond any applicable grace or cure period), the administrative agent may, and at the direction of the requisite number of lenders shall, declare all amounts owing under the ABL Facility immediately due and payable, terminate such lenders’ commitments to make loans under the ABL Facility and/or exercise any and all remedies and other rights under the ABL Facility. For certain events of default related to insolvency and receivership, the commitments of the lenders will be automatically terminated and all outstanding loans and other amounts will become immediately due and payable.
The following represents a summary of our borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility:
December 31,
(In millions) 2025
Available borrowing base on ABL Facility1
$ 3,730 
Borrowings (452)
Letter of credit obligations2
(65)
Borrowing capacity available $ 3,213 
1 As of December 31, 2025, the ABL Facility has a maximum borrowing base of $4.75 billion. The available borrowing base is determined by applying customary advance rates to eligible accounts receivable, inventory and certain mobile equipment.
2 We issued standby letters of credit with certain financial institutions in order to support business obligations, including, but not limited to, operating agreements, employee severance, environmental obligations, workers' compensation, and insurance obligations.
DEBT EXTINGUISHMENTS
On October 3, 2025, we used the net proceeds from the issuance of our 7.625% 2034 Senior Notes to redeem $73 million in aggregate principal amount of our 7.000% 2027 Senior Notes, $56 million in aggregate principal amount of our 7.000% 2027 AK Senior Notes, and $556 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.875% 2027 Senior Notes.
MATURITIES
The following represents a summary of our debt instrument maturities based on the principal amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2025 (in millions):
2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Thereafter Total
$ —  $ —  $ 452  $ 1,268  $ 750  $ 4,860  $ 7,330